{"id":534,"date":"2013-03-05T19:07:42","date_gmt":"2013-03-05T19:07:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/buildingontheword.org\/?page_id=534"},"modified":"2021-09-13T20:58:10","modified_gmt":"2021-09-14T00:58:10","slug":"the-spirit-of-god","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/buildingontheword.org\/bible-study\/the-spirit-of-god\/","title":{"rendered":"The Spirit of God"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u00a0<\/strong>God is beyond human understanding. Yet the Jewish-Christian tradition insists that God dos not stand aloof from creation but freely chooses to relate to the world out of love. How then can the actions of this unknowable God be expressed? Only through limited human language. We must employ images drawn from human experience to describe God’s action in our midst. Our human words always fall short of the mystery of God, but they are the only words we have.<\/p>\n When we examine the descriptions of the Spirit of God in the scriptures, we should remember that they are efforts to express the inexpressible God. In both Hebrew and Greek the word which we translate as “spirit” indicates “a movement of air.” Thus “the Spirit of God” could correctly be translated “the wind of God” or “the breath of God.” This invisible movement of air is an inspired image for God’s presence and action among us.<\/p>\n The scriptures use this image consistently. God’s Spirit is found in the first chapter of the Book of Genesis and the last chapter of the Book of Revelation. Over time the Christian tradition has come to recognize that the Spirit is a person, the third person of the Blessed Trinity. But the scriptural descriptions of the Spirit are less concerned with essence and more with action. The scriptures are always showing us what the Spirit does. Tracing those actions is important, because what the Spirit does tells us what God does. A history of the Spirit’s actions etches a portrait of our invisible God. We can identify seven actions of God’s Spirit within the scriptures. God’s Spirit creates, sustains, saves, judges, inspires, equips, and guides.<\/p>\n There is a fundamental continuity regarding the Spirit which spans both Testaments in our bibles. Even though the New Testament differs from the Old in the central importance it places upon Jesus Christ as the Messiah of God, the new builds upon the old. What God’s Spirit does in the Hebrew scriptures is developed and specified in the New Testament in light of the revelation of Jesus.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n It is through God’s Spirit that all things come to be. In the first chapter of Genesis, before God says, “Let there be light,” we are told that “a wind (spirit) from God swept over the face of the waters” (Gen 1:2). When God creates the first human, again the image of moving air is used. God “breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and the man became a living being” (Gen 2:7). Psalm 33:6 proclaims that God created through the Spirit: “By the word of the Lord the heavens were made, and all their hosts by the breath of his mouth.” Job 33:4 speaks of creation in personal terms: “The spirit of God has made me, the breath of the Almighty gives me life.”<\/p>\n The New Testament asserts that God will establish a new creation inaugurated through the death and resurrection of Jesus. As at the first creation, God’s Spirit is instrumental in bringing about God’s intentions. At present, creation is in labor pains. Christians possess the first fruits of God’s Spirit as the new creation is born (Rom 8:22-23). God has bestowed the Spirit as a guarantee of the new creation which in Christ has already begun (2 Cor 5:5, 17).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n God’s Spirit does not only create life but also sustains it. If God’s Spirit is taken away, life ends. When God’s Spirit is sent forth, life is renewed (Ps 104:29-30). \u00a0Job 34:14-15 asserts that if God “should take back his spirit to himself, and gather to himself his breath, all flesh would perish together, and all mortals return to dust.”<\/p>\n In the New Testament the Spirit of God sustains those who believe in Christ. Paul reminds the Corinthians, “Do you not know that you are God’s temple and that God’s Spirit dwells in you?” (1 Cor 3:16). Paul tells the Galatians, “Live by the Spirit” (Gal 5:16). God’s Spirit also sustains the Body of Christ, activating all the gifts of the community (1 Cor 12:11).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The Spirit saves God’s people. In the exodus God turns the sea into dry land by a strong wind (Exod 14:21-22). But God most often saves Israel by bestowing the Spirit upon great leaders who rescue the people. Moses (Num 11:17), Joshua (Num 27:18), the judges of Israel (Judg 3:10, 6:34, 11:29), Saul (1 Sam 11:6), and David (1 Sam 16:13) all receive the Spirit. The ultimate savior, the Messiah, will possess the Spirit in its fullness (Isa 11:2).<\/p>\n The New Testament proclaims that Jesus is God’s Messiah. Therefore his saving work is accomplished through the Spirit. Jesus is conceived in the Spirit (Luke 2:35). The Spirit descends upon him at his baptism (Mark 1:10). At Nazareth he defines his mission in the Spirit (Luke 4:18). Paul asserts that Jesus’ resurrection occurs through the Spirit (Rom 1:4) and that all believers have been saved “in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and in the Spirit of our God” (1 Cor 6:11).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n What is contrary to God’s goodness cannot endure. God will judge the evil of this world and destroy it. The “breath” of God will “sift the nations with the sieve of destruction” (Isa 30:28). Those who do evil rebel against God’s “holy spirit,” and God will fight against them (Isa 63:10). God judges the world through the Spirit which will be poured out from on high and establish justice on the earth (Isa 32: 14-16). The Psalmist understands that it is through the Spirit that evil can be removed from the human heart (Ps 51:10-11). Jerusalem will be cleansed by “a spirit of judgment and a spirit of burning” (Isa 4:4).<\/p>\n The New Testament applies that burning judgment of the Spirit to the mission of Christ. John the Baptist announces that Jesus will baptize “with the Holy Spirit and fire” (Matt 3:11). It is the Spirit as Paraclete who proves the world wrong about sin, justice, and judgment (John 16:8-11). In the Spirit the church can judge which sins will be forgiven and which retained (John 20:22-23). Every disciple is challenged to fight against evil with the “sword of the Spirit” (Eph 6:17).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n To communicate with humanity God chooses prophets to speak the divine message. God’s Spirit inspires these chosen men and women to announce God’s words. It is God’s Spirit which opens Balaam’s mouth to pronounce a blessing on Israel (Num 24:2). The Spirit places God’s words on David’s tongue (2 Sam 23:2). It is in the Spirit that the prophets teach God’s law (Zech 7:12) and Micah (3:8) declares Israel’s sin. Joel promises that in the fullness of time all humanity will prophesy in the Spirit (Joel 2:28-29).<\/p>\n The same Spirit of God inspires men and women in the New Testament to speak of the mystery of Christ. Filled with the Spirit Zachariah pronounces a canticle of praise for the Messiah (Luke 1:67) and Elizabeth blesses the mother of the Savior (Luke 1:42). Peter teaches in the Holy Spirit (Acts 4:8) and declares that the promise of Joel has been fulfilled (Acts 2:17-18). Stephen and Agabus are inspired by the Spirit (Acts 6:10; 11:28). The entire community speaks in the Spirit (Acts 4:31), and it is only in the Spirit that the individual believer can say, “Jesus is Lord” (1 Cor 12:3).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The Spirit prepares men and women for service, granting them abilities and gifts. Intelligence, knowledge, and artistic ability are the Spirit’s gifts (Exod 31:3-5). Joseph and Daniel possess wisdom in the Spirit (Gen 41:38-39; Dan 5:14). Indeed true understanding and wisdom flow from God’s Spirit (Job 32:8-9; Sir 39:6; Wis 9:17).<\/p>\n The tongues of fire at Pentecost indicate that the Sprit’s gifts are given to every believer (Acts 2:1-4). It is the Spirit who equips the Church with every gift (1 Cor 12:7-11). Through the wisdom and revelation provided by the Spirit the believer can come to know the Father (Eph 1:17) and speak to God in prayer (Rom 8:26).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The Spirit is not idle when decisions must be made, but guides men and women according to God’s will. It is God’s Spirit which leads Israel through the wilderness (Neh 9:20) and provides a new heart so that right decisions will be made according to the law (Ezek 11:19-20). The Psalmist prays, “Teach me to do your will, for you are my God. Let your good spirit lead me on a level path” (Ps 143:10). The guidance of the Spirit is not always subtle. Ezekiel is lifted up bodily and carried away to speak to the exiles of Israel (Ezek 3:12-15).<\/p>\n In the New Testament Philip, like Ezekiel, is transported by the Spirit on his mission (Acts 8:39). The same Spirit leads Simeon to the Christ child (Luke 2:27) and guides the mission of Peter (Acts 11:12) and Paul (Acts 16:6; 19:21; 21:4). The Spirit directs the church at Antioch to commission Paul and Barnabas (Acts 13:2) and the church at Jerusalem to ease the burden of the law upon the Gentiles (Acts 15:28). The Spirit as Paraclete reminds believers of all that Jesus said (John 14:26) and guides them into all truth (John 16:13). All Christians are directed by God’s Spirit (Gal 5:25), “For all who are led by the Spirit of God are children of God” (Rom 8:14).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The images of the Spirit within the scriptures establish a remarkable continuity between the two Testaments. They paint a portrait of our unknowable God. What does this portrait show us? Our God creates all things and sustains them. Our God judges evil and brings salvation. Our God does not remain aloof, but inspires creatures to speak the good news, equips men and women for service, and guides us through the journey of life.<\/p>\n The resurrection of Jesus stands at the center of the Christian faith. Easter is the central celebration of the liturgical year. Yet the full significance of the resurrection is too seldom appreciated. Jesus’ rising from the dead is more than a great miracle of the past. It has a specific connection to the present and future of our world. It relates directly to the kingdom of God. Jesus preached the coming of God’s kingdom when all evil would be destroyed and the goodness and justice of God would permeate the earth. The scriptures understand Jesus’ resurrection as the first step in establishing God’s kingdom.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n In chapter fifteen of 1 Corinthians, Paul lays out a clear description of the relationship between Jesus’ resurrection and the kingdom. Paul looks forward to the day when God will destroy every evil, when every power opposed to God will be conquered\u2014even death (1 Cor 15:26). On that day the kingdom of God will be realized. God will be “all in all” (1 Cor 15:28). This hope flows from Paul’s Judaism. Most Jews of the first century were expecting God’s reign to come. What makes Paul’s hope new is his belief that God has already begun to establish the kingdom through the agency of Jesus as the Messiah (1 Cor 15:24). Jesus’ victory over death began a process which is moving towards a final victory in which evil and death will be destroyed forever.<\/p>\n To illustrate this mystery, Paul employs an image from agriculture. He calls Jesus, “the first fruits of those who have died” (1 Cor 15:20). The first fruits were the first part of the harvest which was offered to God. By definition “first fruits” imply that more fruits will follow. Therefore, if Jesus as the first fruits has triumphed over death, we can expect to share in a similar victory on the last day (1 Cor 15:23). The resurrection of Christ has, therefore, revealed a particular pattern in God’s plan: salvation is already but not yet. We are already saved in so far as Christ’s resurrection has begun. His victory is one which cannot be turned back. However, we are not yet saved because we await the full promise of salvation when all creation will share in Christ’s glory.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The Spirit of God plays a special role in the pattern established by Jesus’ resurrection. As we look forward to the ultimate victory of God, we are not left alone. “He who has prepared us for this very thing is God, who has given us the Spirit as a guarantee” (2 Cor 5:5). The Spirit is our down payment for the kingdom, a “first installment” of the final victory in Christ which is to come (2 Cor 1:22).<\/p>\n We are in the Spirit and the Spirit dwells in us (Rom 8:9). Because we have the Spirit, we can expect to share in the resurrection of our bodies when Christ returns (Rom 8:11) and our present sufferings will lead us to final glory (Rom 8:17). Like Jesus the Spirit is the “first fruits” of the kingdom, guaranteeing that the hope for which we yearn will be realized (Rom 8:23). As we await God’s kingdom, the Spirit helps us in our weakness and intercedes for us before God when we cannot find the words to speak (Rom 8:26).<\/p>\n Therefore, the Spirit of God orientates us in the process of salvation which Christ inaugurated with his resurrection. Paul mentions three gifts which are necessary for the Christian life (1 Cor 13:13). We call these gifts the three theological virtues: faith, hope, and love. Each virtue relates to a specific aspect of God’s saving plan, and each is infused by God’s Spirit.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n By faith we believe in what God has done in Christ. Faith looks backward on Christ’s victory over death, allowing us to accept its validity even though we have not seen the risen Christ with our own eyes. Faith establishes our existence as Christians, for unless we can believe that Christ suffered, died, and rose again, we have no good news to profess.<\/p>\n God’s Spirit grounds our faith. If the message of the gospel is to be more than mere words, it must come “in power and in the Holy Spirit” (1 Thess 1:15). “For in the one Spirit we were all baptized into one body\u2014Jews or Greeks, slaves or free\u2014and we were all made to drink of one Spirit” (1 Cor 12:13). Faith is impossible without the Spirit: “No one can say “Jesus is Lord” except by the Holy Spirit” (1 Cor 12:3). It is only in the Spirit that we can call out to God as our Father (Gal 4:6).<\/p>\n Faith is sometimes a struggle. Christ’s resurrection cannot be proven by scientific demonstration. We desire to see with our own eyes rather than trust upon God’s word. The more we learn about the world and its functioning, the more we are challenged to square our intellectual knowledge with the gift of faith. In a culture which thrives on what can be measured and quantified, the claims of spiritual power can seem weak and unconvincing. We may at times sympathize with the disciples on Easter morning who received the announcement of the resurrection as “an idle tale” (Luke 24:11).<\/p>\n When doubt threatens our faith, we can turn to God’s Spirit. The same Spirit who raised Jesus from the dead and overshadowed us at our baptism has the power to sustain our faith. Turn to the Holy Spirit when faith begins to slip. Pray to the Spirit in the words of the father who seeks Jesus’ help in the gospel, “I believe, help my unbelief” (Mark 9:24).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n If faith looks backwards to what has been already accomplished in Christ, hope looks ahead to the final victory which is yet to come. Although the process of our salvation is irrevocably begun, it is not complete. Evil, sin, and death still characterize our world. Christians must therefore look forward in hope to the time when God’s promises will be fulfilled and when God’s kingdom will be realized.<\/p>\n The Spirit of God strengthens our hope. As the one who gives us faith, the Spirit turns that faith towards the future: “For through the Spirit, by faith, we eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness” (Gal 5:5). Final glory will be the “ministry of the Spirit” (2 Cor 3:8), and we wait for it in the Spirit’s power (Rom 15:13). Indeed the Spirit is transforming us now, leading us to that final victory (2 Cor 3:18).<\/p>\n It is not always easy to hope. The evil in our world all too often seems to hold the upper hand. Violence and war fill our media. Greed and corruption characterize our culture. Who says the kingdom is coming? When we experience personal loss through rejection, divorce, or death, we can begin to think that God has forgotten us. When we encounter injustice and prejudice, it becomes a challenge to trust in Christ’s final victory. When evil touches our lives, despair can insinuate itself into our hearts.<\/p>\n God’s Spirit is given to us to keep our hope alive. It is the Spirit who points us forward to the final victory which God has promised. Reminding us of Christ’s lordship, the Spirit strengthens us to persevere even in the presence of evil and death. Even when it seems that all is lost, the Spirit prompts us to hope for what we cannot see, waiting for God’s salvation with patient endurance (Rom 8:25).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n If faith looks backward to Christ’s resurrection and hope looks forward to Christ’s return, love is the present life of Christ’s body. Love never ends (1 Cor 13:8). The promise towards which we strain is the promise to see God face to face. God’s love is both the goal and the means by which we attain it. That is why Paul calls love the greatest of all the gifts (1 Cor 13:13). Those who live in love abide in God (1 John 4:16).<\/p>\n God’s Spirit animates the love of believers. Paul assures us that all of God’s gifts to the church are manifestations of God’s Spirit (1 Cor 12:7) and love is better than any other gift (1 Cor 12:31). Love is listed first among the fruits of God’s Spirit (Gal 5:22). “God’s love has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit that has been given to us” (Rom 5:5), and it is through the Holy Spirit that Christians can express their love for one another (Col 1:8).<\/p>\n We all know the challenges of love. Love must be patient and kind. It cannot be envious, boastful, arrogant, or rude. It will not insist on its own way, nor will it be irritable or resentful (1 Cor 13:4-6). We all fall short in loving. People easily get under our skin. We find it difficult to be patient and to forgive. Time after time we harbor grudges and hurts. Even though we know better, we strive to please ourselves and forget the needs of others. As a result, our lives do not display the love which the gospel requires.<\/p>\n God’s Spirit is the Spirit of love. God’s Spirit can animate our hearts with the power of loving. When love seems impossible, the Spirit can infuse us with the gift of divine love, the very love of the Father and Son. Then, with the Spirit’s help and guidance, we can love one another and live as the body of Christ.<\/p>\n Our salvation is already but not yet. We look back on the victory of Christ’s resurrection and forward to the final triumph of God. The Spirit is our guarantee of God’s activity and promise. The Spirit is first installment of God’s kingdom, enabling us to live in faith, hope, and love.<\/p>\n The Book of Acts follows the development of the Church from Pentecost to Paul’s preaching in Rome. The spread of the gospel from Jerusalem to the center of the Roman Empire is propelled by the work of God’s Spirit. Acts describes many leaders in the early church who contribute to the expansion of the gospel. They are instruments of the Spirit. Examining their activity provides a useful description of what discipleship entailed in the first century and what it entails today.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Chapter eight of Acts describes Philip’s missionary work in Samaria (Acts 8:4-25). Once that work was completed Philip is told to go to “the road that goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza” (Acts 8:26). On that road an Ethiopian eunuch, who was a court official of the queen of Ethiopia, is returning from worship in Jerusalem in his chariot. The Spirit of God then tells Philip, “Go over to this chariot and join it” (Acts 8:29). It is a peculiar request. Philip does not know the eunuch and has no reason to expect that his sudden presence would be welcomed by this influential stranger. But Philip follows the Spirit’s directions and discovers that his arrival has been carefully prepared. The eunuch is already reading the prophet Isaiah and wondering about its significance. When Philip offers to explain, the eunuch invites him to enter his chariot. Philip’s explanation leads the eunuch to faith and eventually to baptism (Acts 8:38). A new Christian believes because Philip follows the Spirit’s prompting.<\/p>\n We like Philip should remain open to the Spirit’s call. The Spirit may inspire us to phone an old friend, to bring flowers to a spouse, to stop into a daughter’s room for a talk, or to try again for reconciliation with a family member. When the Spirit is active, we will discover that the circumstances have been prepared for our actions and that God’s grace will abound. We can never predict when the Spirit might call us to act. The disciple therefore lives in readiness. At any moment the Spirit may call us to go. Then, like Philip, we should follow.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n In a lengthy narrative found in Acts 10:1\u201411:18, Peter comes to a dramatic realization. As a good Jew, Peter was careful to maintain a separation between himself and Gentiles. He refrained from eating food which was not permitted by Jewish dietary laws. The Spirit of God had other ideas. Peter receives a vision informing him that all the animals of the earth are suitable to eat (Acts 10:9-16). God’s Spirit then sends him to the house of a Gentile, Cornelius (Acts 10:19-20). There he preaches the gospel and his Gentile listeners speak in tongues through the Holy Spirit (Acts 10:45-46). Peter baptizes them. The action of the Spirit reveals God’s will to Peter. God’s plan runs counter to Peter’s expectations. But once the plan is clear, Peter is willing to change.<\/p>\n None of us can serve God without clear beliefs. Our honest convictions guide our life and ministry. God, however, frequently desires to lead us to a new place. Disciples of Jesus must be willing to move with the impulses of the Spirit. The Spirit might call us to revise our opinion of a co-worker or in-law. We may be led to step back and attack a project or family problem from a different angle. God’s Spirit might expose a destructive habit or entrenched prejudice and enable us to set it aside. The Spirit is always renewing the earth. We are called to participate in the re-creation. To do so, we must be willing to change, like Peter.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Barnabas and Paul developed a close and productive relationship. It was Barnabas who first introduced Paul to the apostles in Jerusalem (Acts 9:27). Barnabas and Paul were set apart by the Holy Spirit to do missionary work (Acts 13:2). Together the two apostles preached the gospel with great success in a journey through Cyprus, Pisidian Antioch, Iconium, and Lystra. But when it seemed time to initiate another journey, the two apostles could not agree. Paul did not want to include John Mark on the journey, because John Mark had left their first missionary journey before its completion (Acts 13:13). Barnabas believed strongly that John Mark was called to such service and should be included. Since Paul and Barnabas could not resolve the issue, they went separate ways. Paul traveled with Silas to Syria and Cilicia, whereas Barnabas went to Cyprus with John Mark (Acts 15:39-41). The two apostles never worked together again.<\/p>\n Both Barnabas and Paul were inspired by God’s Spirit. Both were great apostles of the church. Yet they did not always see eye to eye. Barnabas was able to speak the truth as he saw it, even if Paul could not accept it. Holiness and God’s gifts do not guarantee unity. God’s will can unfold through different insights and positions. Barnabas took his own stand and accepted the consequences.<\/p>\n The example of Barnabas reminds us that the Spirit can work through our differences. Keeping a false peace is not the gospel. Virtue is not always “giving in.” God’s Spirit can lead us to speak a truth which will disturb others, challenge another to adopt a better viewpoint, or end a relationship which has no future. There is no question that the Spirit of God fosters unity. But honesty and truth cannot be the casualties of community. A disciple, like Barnabas, must have the freedom to disagree.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n In chapters 20-21 of Acts the Holy Spirit prepares Paul for the suffering which is to come. Paul tells the elders from Ephesus, “The Holy Spirit testifies to me in every city that imprisonment and persecutions are waiting for me” (Acts 20:23). The prophet Agabus binds his own hands and feet with Paul’s belt and prophesies in the Holy Spirit that Paul will be so bound and handed over to the Gentiles (Acts 21:11-12). These dire warnings dismay the communities which treasure Paul as their apostle. But Paul himself does not despair. The Spirit of God not only informs Paul of what is to come but also prepares him with courage and faith. Strengthened by the Spirit Paul can say, “But I do not count my life of any value to myself, if only I may finish my course and the ministry that I received from the Lord Jesus, to testify to the good news of God’s grace” (Acts 20:24).<\/p>\n The Spirit of God works in our lives offering glimpses of difficulties to come. We have moments in which we anticipate the pains of aging, medical conditions prevalent in our family history, or the inevitable approach of death. God provides those moments not to frighten us but to prepare us. We are given time to remember that whatever happens to us, God will not abandon us. As with Paul, God’s Spirit will accompany us in our darkest hours and give us the courage to pray, “Thy will be done.”<\/p>\n The action of God’s Spirit pervades the Book of Acts, influencing the work and experiences of many of its central characters. Examining the actions of Philip, Peter, Barnabas, and Paul provides insight into the ways God moves in our own lives. God’s Spirit leads us to follow God’s invitations, changes us into new agents of the kingdom, and emboldens us to speak the truth. God’s Spirit prepares us for what is to come, giving us strength in the time of suffering and courage in the face of death.<\/p>\nGod’s Spirit Creates<\/h3>\n
God’s Spirit Sustains<\/h3>\n
God’s Spirit Saves<\/h3>\n
God’s Spirit Judges<\/h3>\n
God’s Spirit Inspires<\/h3>\n
God’s Spirit Equips<\/h3>\n
God’s Spirit Guides<\/h3>\n
A Portrait of God<\/h3>\n
\n<\/a>The Spirit as Guarantee: Living in Faith, Hope, and Love<\/h1>\n
Christ as the “first fruits” of the kingdom<\/h3>\n
The Spirit as “Guarantee”<\/h3>\n
The Spirit Grounds Our Faith<\/h3>\n
The Spirit Strengthens Our Hope<\/h3>\n
The Spirit Animates Our Love<\/h3>\n
\n<\/a>The Holy Spirit in Acts: Four Examples of Discipleship<\/h1>\n
Philip: A Disciple Is Called to Follow<\/h3>\n
Peter: A Disciple Is Called to Change<\/h3>\n
Barnabas: A Disciple Disagrees<\/h3>\n
Paul: A Disciple Prepares<\/h3>\n